A new parent’s guide to understanding the nutritional needs of an infant
“Am I doing this right?”
“How much to feed my newborn?”
“How will I know my baby is getting enough?”
“How do I know if my body is producing what my baby needs?”
Bringing a baby into the world comes with a lot of questions, especially around infant nutrition. It’s normal to wonder if your baby is getting the right nutrients or to feel unsure about your feeding journey — whether you’re exclusively breastfeeding, pumping, supplementing, or formula-feeding. The most important thing to remember? You’re doing a great job, and there’s support available for you and your family as you navigate this new season.
Breastmilk is recommended by the CDC and WHO as the ideal source of infant nutrition. We recognize that every family’s situation is unique and worthy of expert care and support however you decide to feed your baby. There’s no one-size-fits-all answer, and some parents find themselves navigating breast milk supply, supplementing feeds, or using formula. It’s essential to feed your baby in a way that works for you and your circumstances. The best approach to your baby’s nutrition is the one that’s right for you and your family.
If you have questions or concerns, it’s always helpful to reach out to an International Board Certified Lactation Consultant (IBCLC) at The Lactation Network and a pediatrician. These professionals are there to support and guide you through your infant’s nutritional needs. They’ll work with you to create a plan that fits your family’s goals and priorities — without judgment.
How much should babies eat?
Understanding the nutritional needs for infants can feel overwhelming at first, especially with so much information out there. But just like adults, every baby is unique, and there’s no magic number for how many ounces or minutes at the breast are “right.” The most important thing to focus on is whether your baby seems content and is growing steadily. Babies are born with strong instincts, and they’re pretty good at letting you know when they’re hungry or full!
For breastfed babies, feeding on demand (whenever they show signs of hunger) can be a great approach to test out. In the early weeks, this may be quite often, around 8-12 times a day. Although that might sound like a lot, newborns have tiny tummies and need frequent feeds to stay satisfied and grow. As they get older, feedings naturally space out more.
For formula-fed or combination-fed babies, it’s still important to pay attention to your baby’s hunger cues. While formula does offer some more structure when it comes to quantities (with recommended amounts listed on the packaging), your baby’s behavior is your best guide. Trust their signals — if they’re turning away or seem uninterested, that’s a sign they’ve had enough (for now!).
If you’re ever feeling unsure or worried about how much your baby is eating, this is the perfect time to check in with an IBCLC. These highly trained lactation professionals will help you figure out a feeding plan that supports your baby’s growth, while reminding you that you’re doing just fine.
Critical nutrients needed in a baby’s diet
Ensuring your baby gets the right nutrients in their diet is key to their growth and development. Luckily, most of these critical nutrients are naturally found in breastmilk, formula, or a combination of both. Here are some of the most important nutrients your baby needs in the early months:
- Protein: Helps build and repair tissues, which is essential as your baby grows rapidly in their first year.
- Fat: Crucial for brain development, especially during the early stages of life.
- Carbohydrates: Lactose, the primary carbohydrate in breastmilk and formula, is an important source of energy. It fuels your baby’s growth and supports their developing brain.
- Iron: Iron supports healthy blood and oxygen circulation.
- Calcium: Essential for building strong bones and teeth, calcium plays a big role in the healthy growth of your baby’s skeletal system.
- Vitamin D: Helps the body absorb calcium and supports bone growth.
- DHA (Omega-3 Fatty Acids): DHA is crucial for brain and eye development.
- Vitamin A: Supports healthy vision, skin, and immune function.
These nutrients along with breastmilk’s “living” bioactive components like antibodies and leukocytes are vital for your baby’s development, but keep in mind that a pediatrician and IBCLC can work with you to determine the nutritional standard you and your baby need. After that, solid foods can be introduced gradually to supplement their diet at the appropriate developmental age.
If you’re unsure about whether your baby is getting the nutrients they need, or if you have specific concerns, an IBCLC and your pediatrician are your best resources to guide you along the way. These dedicated professionals will teach you about hunger cues and individualized strategies to help you feel confident and empowered in your breastfeeding experience. Find out more with an International Board Certified Lactation Consultant.
We’re here for you, every step of the way. We work with your insurance to provide in-home, in-office, or telehealth visits with an IBCLC.
